2-Dimensional
Chromatography for Macromolecular
Molar Mass and Structure Determination
REVIEW: A primer
in 2Dimensional Chromatography
In 2D chromatography, different
techniques are essentially combined to achieve a higher degree of
separation. eg. coupled GPC-HPLC; HPLC (to separate functional
groups) and GPC to
separate according to
size.
2D is useful for analysis of complex polymer systems like
polymer blends, copolymers, branched polymers and proteins.
Where to purchase
a 2D system?
PSS can provide you with all of the
necessary components, including software, the column
chemistry,
valving and transfer loops, do the installation, and show you how to
operate the 2D-LC system. You need to provide or purchase the LC instrument
for the
1st dimension, (injector and gradient pump), and a pump for the
2nd
dimension (GPC separation), as well as a detector, (usually an
ELSD,
but a UV detector is also used on occasion).
WinGPC Unity Software 400-0073
Module for 2D Chromatography 400-1008
Universal Data Center UDC810 401-0018
Upgrade 1, to 2 GPC 400-0301
8-Port transfer Valve 409-9012
Optional Report Designer 400-1001
Analytical Services
PSS offers the development of 2-D applications and performs the analysis for you, with our special software for data acquisition, quantitative interpretation and data plotting. Please forward a sample form and or fill out our contact form.
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Principles and use of 2D chromatographyhave been sumarized in A primer in 2Dimensional Chromatography which contains:
2. Why use hyphenated techniques
When it is useful to combine GPC and HPLC into one technique
Why use HPLC for 1st- Dimension Separation
3. How 2D-LC works
Schematic diagram of a 2D-LC system
How to collect and process data
What the processed data look like
Minimum Requirements for a 2D-LC System
4. 2D-LC Sources and Resources
Reference publications about 2D-LC Analysis of Complex Polymers
References
1 Balke, S.T.; Patel, R.D.; J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Lett 18 (1980) 453-456.
2 Augenstein, M.; Stickler, M.; Makromol. Chem.191 (2) (1990) 415-428.
3 Mori, S. J. Chromatogr. A 503 (1990) 411-419.
4 Glöckner, G., Gradient HPLC of Copolymers and Chromatographic Cross-Fractionation,
Springer: Berlin Heidelberg, 1991.
5 Kilz, P; Krüger, R.P.; Much, H.; Schulz, G.; Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng. 69 (1993) 114.
6 Kilz, P.; Krüger, R.P.; Much, H.; Schulz, G.; Advan. Chem. Ser. 247 (1995) 223-241.
7 Schunk, T.C.; Long, T.E.; J. Chromatogr. A 692 (1995) 221-232.
8 Pasch, H.; Trathnigg, B.; HPLC of Polymers; Springer: Heidelberg, 1997.
9 Adrian, J.; Braun, D.; Pasch, H.; LC-GC Int. 11 (1998) 32.
10 Adrian, J.; Braun, D.; Pasch, H.; Angew. Makromol. Chem. 267 (1999) 82–88.
11 Schure, M.R.; Anal. Chem. 71 (1999) 1645- 1657.
12 Kilz, P.; Pasch, H.; Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry, (R.A. Meyers, ed.) Wiley, Chichester, 2000.
13 Siewing, A.; Schierholz, J.; Braun, D.; Goetz Hellmann, G.; Pasch, H. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 202 (2001) 2890-2894.
14 Pasch, H.; Mequanint, K.; Adrian, J. e- Polymers 005 (2002).
15 Biela, T.; Duda, A.; Penczek,S.; Rode, K.; Pasch, H. J. Polym Sci, Part A: Polym Chem. 40(16) (2002) 2884-2887.
16 Graef, S.M.; van Zyl, A.J.P.; Sanderson, R.D.; Klumperman, B.; Pasch, H. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 88 (2003) 2530-2538.
17 Siewing, A.; Lahn, B.; Braun, D.; Pasch, H.; J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. 41 (2003) 3143.
18 Heinz, L.C.; Siewing, A.; Pasch, H.; e-polymers 065 (2003)
19 Kilz, P. Chromatographia 58 (2003) 1-12 .
20 Li, M.; Jahed, N. M.; Min, K.; Matyjaszewski, K. Macromolecules 37 (2004) 2434.
21 Lutz, J.-F.; Jahed, N.; Matyjaszewski, K. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 42 (2004)
1939.
22 Pasch, H.; Adler, M.; Rittig, F.; Becker, S. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 26 (2005) 438–444.
23 Jiang, X.; van der Horst, A.; Lima, V.; Schoenmakers, P.J. J. Chromatogr. A 1079 (2005)
51-61.
24 Adler, M.; Rittig, F.; Becker, S.; Pasch, H Macromol. Chem. Phys. 206 (2005) 2269-2277.
25 Pasch, H.; Adler, M.; Knecht, D.; Rittig. F; Lange, R. Macromol. Symp. 231 (2006) 166-177.
